A主语
用which或that，而which较正式：
This is the picture which／that cansed such a sensation．
这就是那部哄动一时的电影。
The stairs which／that lead to the cellar are rather slippery．
通向地窖的楼梯相当滑。
（另参见下面B。）
B动词的宾语
用which，that或干脆省略关系代词：
The car which／that I hired broke down．或：
我租用的那辆小汽车抛锚了。
The car I hired
一般在all，everything，little，much，none，no，由no构成的复合词及形容词的最高级形式之后极少用which，而常用that。假如这个关系代词是动词的宾语时也可省略：
All the apples that fall are eaten by the pigs．
掉在地上的苹果都让猪吃了。
This is the best hotel（that） I know．
这是我所了解的最好的餐馆。
C介词的宾语
规范的结构是介词+which，但一般都把介词移到从句的末尾，用关系代词which，that或干脆省去关系代词：
The ladder on which I was standing1 began to slip．
我脚下的梯子开始向下滑动。或：
The ladder which／that I was standing on began to slip．
The ladder I was standing on began to slip．
D所有格
可以用whose+从句这种结构，但一般是用with+短语这种结构来代替它：
a house whose walls were made of glass用玻璃做墙的房屋
a house with glass walls（译文同上）
E关系副词
用when，where，why。
注意：when可以代替用于指时间的in／on which：
the year when（＝in which）he was born他生的那一年
the day when（=on which）they arrived他们到达的那一天
where可以代替用于指地址的in／at which：the hotel／where（=in／at which） they were staying他们当时住的旅店why可代替for which：
The reason why he refused is
他拒绝的原因是
when，where和why有这种使用方法时叫做关系副词。
